World's 10 Most Polluted Places

World's 10 Most Polluted Places
By Charles Q. Choi, Special to LiveScience
posted: 18 October 2006 03:32 pm ET
photo:Water contaminated with toxic chemicals flows in an open trench in Ranipet, India. Credit: Blacksmith Institute

Young men look for metal at the site of an abandoned lead mine in Kabwe, Zambia. Lead poisoning of children in the area is endemic. Credit: Blacksmith Institute

In Dzerzhinsk, Russia, waste from 190 chemicals has turned the groundwater into a dangerous toxic sludge. Life expectancy there is 42 for men and 47 for women. Credit: Blacksmith Institute
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Areas that researchers have declared the most polluted in the world are typically little known even in their own countries. Yet they in total afflict more than 10 million people, experts reported today.
The kinds of pollution in these areas not only lead to cancers, birth defects, mental retardation and life expectancies approaching medieval levels, but are also often found all around the globe.
"They cause an enormous amount of misery and harm, especially to children," Richard Fuller, founder and director of the Blacksmith Institute, the New York-based environmental group who released a report on these areas today, told LiveScience.

The Top 10 most polluted places for 2006, in alphabetical order by country:

1. Linfen, China, where residents say they literally choke on coal dust in the evenings, exemplifies many Chinese cities;
2. Haina, Dominican Republic, has severe lead contamination because of lead battery recycling, a problem common throughout poorer countries.
3. Ranipet, India, where leather tanning wastes contaminate groundwater with hexavalent chromium, made famous by Erin Brockovich, resulting in water that apparently stings like an insect bite.
4. Mailuu-Suu, Kyrgyzstan, home to nearly 2 million cubic meters of radioactive mining waste that threatens the entire Ferghana valley, one of the most fertile and densely populated areas in Central Asia that also experiences high rates of seismic activity;
5. La Oroya, Peru, where the metal processing plant, owned by the Missouri-based Doe Run Corporation, leads to toxic emissions of lead;
6. Dzerzinsk, Russia, one of the country's principal chemical weapons manufacturing sites until the end of the Cold War.
7. Norilsk, Russia, which houses the world's largest heavy metals smelting complex;
8. Rudnaya Pristan, Russia, where lead contamination resulted in child blood lead levels eight to 20 times maximum allowable U.S. levels;
9. Chernobyl, Ukraine, infamous site of a nuclear meltdown 20 years ago; and
10. Kabwe, Zambia, where child blood levels of lead are five to 10 times the allowable EPA maximum.

The research team analyzed 35 polluted sites, narrowed down from more than 300 nominated by local communities, non-governmental organizations and local, national and international environmental authorities. The team was made up of international environment and health experts, including faculty members from Johns Hopkins and Mt. Sinai Medical Center serving on the technical advisory board of the Blacksmith Institute.
Fuller said the institute is currently working with national and international organizations to help clean up six of these sites.